家族辦公室？連傳媒大亨默多克都說好！

2019/01/22 來源：金融界

媒體集團默多克家族，身邊人才濟濟，為何需要成立家族辦公室？

傳媒大亨魯伯特·默多克（下稱「老默多克」）的兒子詹姆斯·默多克正在建立自己的家族辦公室。

此前，沃特·迪斯尼公司出資713億美元收購了21世紀福克斯大部分股權（詹姆斯·默多克為21世紀福克斯現任CEO）。根據彭博億萬富翁指數（Bloomberg Billionaires Index），這筆交易為老默多克的財富增加了40億美元，淨資產增加至180億美元。

詹姆斯和他的5個兄弟姐妹也是擁有福克斯股票的家族信託受益者。據彭博社計算，如果收益平均分成，他們每人可獲得約20億美元。

據媒體披露，總部位於內華達州的裡諾（Reno）家族信託公司擁有價值大約150億美元的21世紀福克斯股票和10億美元的新聞集團股票。而這家家族信託的實際控制人就是老默多克。換而言之，一直以來，老默多克的財富一直掌控在自己手中。

1. 牆外開花牆內也香

家族辦公室又稱家族理財室，是由一支涉及多個不同範疇的專業管理團隊組成，為富豪家族管理財富。

根據國際家族辦公室協會（International Family Office Association，IFOA）的定義，家族辦公室是專為高資產人士與家庭服務的中立機構，主要從家族成員的需求與利益出發，提供包括行政管理、稽核督察、稅務、慈善事業、家族價值與教育、家族企業治理、生活目標實踐、投資事務等服務，致力於協助企業跨代傳承財富與價值。

事實上，早在6世紀的歐洲，就已經出現家族辦公室的概念。

在當時，由國王的管家來管理皇室財富，後來有貴族要求加入，令管理財富概念逐漸系統化，演變成如今的家族辦公室。

梅隆銀行創辦人托馬斯·梅隆（Thomas Mellon）於1868年創立全球首個家族辦公室，其目標是聘請一支專業團隊，為複雜的家庭提供全面的投資、會計、法律、教育和禮賓服務，以保護他們的子孫後代。

洛克菲勒也追隨他的腳步，於19世紀80年代末成立家族辦公室，在專業經理人協助下，將家族旗下所有資產集中管理。

據悉，洛克菲勒家族的家族辦公室設在紐約洛克菲勒30廣場（30 Rockefeller Plaza）56樓，一共聘請了200位專業經理人協助管理其家族財富。

摩根大通創始人約翰·皮爾龐特·摩根亦是如此。

如今，家族辦公室的概念在國內外眾多顯赫的富豪家族間愈發普及。包括美國著名脫口秀主持人奧普拉·溫弗瑞、戴爾公司CEO邁克爾·戴爾，以及Facebook創始人馬克·祖克柏在內的美國億萬富翁，都將財富投入到諸如家族辦公室一類的機構，並處理房屋、旅行等個人事宜。

與此同時，中國中信銀行私人銀行與中國胡潤研究院2018年11月1日聯合發布的《2018中國企業家家族傳承白皮書》（下稱“《白皮書》”）指出，近兩三年內，負責代管或專門管理家族財產的“家族辦公室”也被引入中國市場。其中，最有影響力的是阿里巴巴集團核心創始人在香港設立的家族辦公室，它負責管理馬雲和蔡崇信的部分財富。

白皮書認為，一個家族若有10億元以上財產，需要單一的家族辦公室來管理；若是家族財產在10億元以下、1億元以上（含1億）的，則需要使用聯合家族辦公室服務。調研數據顯示，10%的中國企業家已經設立或委託家族辦公室助力家族傳承，63.2%的企業家現階段未設立，但未來會考慮。

2. 緣何家族辦公室盛寵不衰

公開資料顯示，當前，全球億萬富翁控制了近9兆美元的資產，其中約4兆美元放在家族辦公室中，這一數字甚至超過全球對衝基金管理的資產總額，相當於全球證券市場6%的投資額。

究竟是什麽讓家族辦公室盛寵不衰？

據《福克斯》報導，在美國，家族辦公室通過將資本部署到收益率更高、流動性更強的資產，來應對長期低利率環境和與機構相關的高額費用。

瑞銀集團（UBS）和康普頓財富公司（Campden Wealth）在最新聯合發布的全球家族辦公室資產投資調查報告中指出，2017年，大多數家族辦公室采取平衡的投資策略（45%），1/3則偏向保守（以歐洲為主），只有23%的投資策略比較激進（以北美和亞太地區為主）。

在投資類別上，股票由於流動性強、長期收益可觀，在家族辦公室的投資組合中一直佔據關鍵位置。2017年股票投資平均佔比28%（同比增加4.8%，下同）。其中發達市場股市佔22%（+3.8%），新興市場股市佔6%（+1%）。

此外，對私募股權（PE）的投資也依然保持強勢，PE基金佔比7.6%（+2.8%），直投佔比14%（+0.1%），是富豪最熱衷投資的第二大資產類別。

傳統的房地產投資也沒有被家族辦公室冷落。2017年直接投資的部分增加了2.3%，達到了17%，佔比17%（+2.3%）。歐洲的家族辦公室對房產投資尤為熱衷，平均佔比23%。

由於對衝基金近年來表現不佳，在投資組合中的佔比再次遭到削減，僅佔5.7%（-3.2%）。同時，和2016年相比，家族辦公室持有現金佔比有所下降（-3.9%）。

報告顯示，2017年家族辦公室的投資收益十分可觀，平均綜合回報率為15.5％，遠高於2016年（7％）和2015年（0.3％）。其中，亞太地區的家族辦公室回報率最高，達到了16.4%。

雖然家族辦公室投資大多選擇規避風險的投資方式，但創新投資選擇不斷出現，投資背後的動機也在不斷發展，社會和環境影響成為一個重要的考慮因素。

值得注意的是，自2000年以來，隨著全球財富快速增長，家族辦公室的發展十分迅速。參與上述調查的家族辦公室有2/3是2000年之後才成立的。

《經濟學人》雜誌分析，這是因為近年來，金融領域中“流動性事件”的增多，比如首次公開發行（IPO）後，有大量的現金需要管理；此外，作為一股“時尚潮流”，尤其是亞洲去年年底，有4位中國大亨將超過170億美元財富轉移到家族信託中。

Winners FO 觀點：

高資產家族非常重視家族財富的保護，由於人治方式容易因情緒而出現錯誤，導致富不過三代，遺憾頻傳。而家族辦公室所運用的家族信託，能夠完全體現設立人(委託人)的意願，制定資產處置及給付條件，並透過家族委員會進行管理及限度內的調整，讓家族財富永續成為必然。

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  413. Cryptocurrencies are often traded in lots – batches of cryptocurrency tokens used to standardise the size of trades. As cryptocurrencies are very volatile, lots tend to be very small: most are just one unit of the base cryptocurrency. However, some cryptocurrencies are traded in bigger lots. Bitcoin (BTC) hit new nine-month highs on March 17 as the latest events in the growing United States banking crisis boosted crypto markets.BTC/USD 1-hour candle chart (Bitstamp)…. A crash turns out to be more limited in scope than initially thought. Because so many crypto-related companies are financially entangled through investments and acquisitions, one exchange crash can trigger other companies and currencies to fall like dominoes. If, however, it appears the dust has settled on the FTX collapse, and investors once again pile into the speculative asset, prices could rise. Inversely, if new details emerge regarding the FTX collapse, or if another popular exchange runs into similar issues, that could limit price growth.
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    In Super Pole Riders, the task is to move the ball to the contender’s side by soaring into the air using a pole. However, the most original one is probably Johann Sebastian Joust, which is a more face-to-face experience, requiring Playstation Move controllers to play. Sadly, it doesn’t work on Windows; only Linux and Mac are supported. Overall, it’s an interesting collection of games that provide varied gameplay. If it sounds confusing and chaotic, well, that’s because it is. You see, you’re all trying to keep your spaceship alive… but you all control different areas of the craft. And nobody knows who is in control of what, while instructions fly onto random people’s phone screens, telling them what settings need adjusting, and which buttons need pressing. This leaves them to shout this out to the rest of the group, in the hope that they will hear it, and prevent a fatal crash.